3.2. Example Cycle Counts

The ARM example code referenced in Section 4.2 was used to produce examples of the number of cycles required to enter and exit Dormant and Shutdown Modes with various memory system configurations. Example cycle times are given in Table 4 through Table 7 for both the ARM1136 and ARM1176 processors, both of which had the following hardware configuration:

Static and dynamic branch prediction were enabled. All TCMs were enabled (as local RAM on ARM1136, not as SmartCache). The memory system configurations used were:

The example code referenced in Dormant and Shutdown Mode Example Code was used without modification to produce example cycle counts. Entry to Dormant or Shutdown Mode was requested by a regularly recurring IRQ interrupt, with a delay of 0x8000 clock cycles between exiting Dormant or Shutdown Mode and the following entry request. The IRQs interrupted the validation test T2-32 from the armv4 suite, which tests shift operations of data processing instructions.

Example cycle counts were produced for both Dormant and Shutdown Mode in all of these memory system configurations, except for saving state to the data TCM, as this is only useful for Dormant Mode. To illustrate the effects of the caches as data and instructions are cached and so the cache hit rate improves, Dormant Mode cycle times are given for both the first time Dormant Mode is entered and exited, with no cache hits, and for the third time Dormant Mode is entered and exited, with most memory accesses hitting in the caches. This effect is not seen in Shutdown Mode as the contents of the caches are lost when the RAMs are powered down. Shutdown Mode cycle times are given both for when the TCMs are assumed to be in use, so their contents are written to main memory and restored using ARM’s internal DMA engine, and for when the TCMs are assumed not to be in use so their contents are not preserved.

ARM1136 processor example

For these cycle counts, the ARM1136 TCMs were enabled as local RAM, not as SmartCache, so the SmartCache master valid registers are not saved and restored for Dormant Mode. The main TLB was assumed to be kept powered up in Dormant Mode, so the main TLB master valid registers are saved and restored for Dormant Mode.

A total of 206 words of state information were saved and restored for Dormant Mode, and 198 words for Shutdown Mode.

The example number of cycles taken to enter and exit Dormant and Shutdown Modes with an ARM1136 processor are shown in Table 4 and Table 5 respectively.

Table 4. ARM1136 processor Dormant Mode example cycle counts

Instruction cacheData cacheState save memory region1st entry (cycles)1st exit (cycles)3rd entry (cycles)3rd exit (cycles)
OffOffMain memory (MMU off)3757360537573605
OnOffMain memory (MMU off)3721361733763252
OnOnData cache (write-through)2537292722892149
OnOnData cache (write-back)2555290919602122
OnOffData TCM (MMU off)1832187717101786

Table 5. ARM1136 Shutdown Mode example cycle counts

Instruction cacheData cacheState save memory regionTCMs saved via DMA

TCMs not saved

Entry (cycles)Exit (cycles)Entry (cycles)Exit (cycles)
OffOffMain memory (MMU off)8821511063635563282
OnOffMain memory (MMU off)391873502435333269
OnOnData cache (write-through)390343515122892618
OnOnData cache (write-back)401073513833622595

ARM1176 processor example

ARM1176 has TrustZone, which increases the number of registers that must be saved and restored. It also has an additional memory-mapped peripheral to control the level 2 memory security setup. This peripheral has 8 registers that are saved and restored.

A total of 250 words of state information were saved and restored for Dormant Mode, and 243 words for Shutdown Mode.

The example number of cycles taken to enter and exit Dormant Mode with an ARM1176 processor are shown in Table 6.

Table 6. ARM1176 Dormant Mode example cycle counts

Instruction cacheData cacheState save memory region1st entry (cycles)1st exit (cycles)3rd entry (cycles)
OffOffMain memory (MMU off)432338304323
OnOffMain memory (MMU off)416137583893
OnOnData cache (write-through)288830152568
OnOnData cache (write-back)288829932345
OnOffData TCM (MMU off)242222482311

The example number of cycles taken to enter and exit Shutdown Mode with an ARM1176 processor are shown in Table 7.

Table 7. ARM1176 Shutdown Mode example cycle counts

Instruction cacheData cacheState save memory region

TCMs saved via DMA

TCMs not saved

Entry (cycles)Exit (cycles)Entry (cycles)Exit (cycles)
OffOffMain memory (MMU off)17435114397742693975
OnOffMain memory (MMU off)436174350340283757
OnOnData cache (write-through)392913204227213068
OnOnData cache (write-back)403363204237663068
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