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The ARM floating-point environment is an implementation of the IEEE 754 standard for binary floating-point arithmetic. See IEEE 754 arithmetic for details of the ARM implementation of the standard.
An ARM system might have:
a Vector Floating-Point (VFP) coprocessor
a Floating-Point Accelerator (FPA) coprocessor
no floating-point hardware.
If you compile for a system with a hardware coprocessor (VFP or FPA), the compilers make use of it. If you compile for a system without a coprocessor, the compilers implement the calculations in software.
For example, the compiler option -fpu vfp
selects
a hardware VFP coprocessor and the option -fpu softvfp
selects
coprocessor instructions are to be implemented in software.