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Use the following formula only for microstrips (track on outer layer over a ground plane):
where:
hHeight above ground plane (inches)
wTrace
width (inches), and 0.1 < w/h < 2
tTrace thickness (inches)
ErRelative permittivity of processor/prepreg, and 1
< Er < 15
The dimensions h, w,
and t are shown in the following figure.
As an example, the following track (in microstrip form) has an impedance of 51.96Ω:
h0.005 inch height above ground
w0.007 inch width track
t0.0014 inch thickness (1 oz. finished weight)
Er4.5 (FR4 laminate)
As the track width increases, the impedance decreases.